Research proposal
1. Research background
Longmen Grottoes was built in the Northern Wei Dynasty (493 AD), located on the cliffs of the Nanyi River in the city of Luoyang. It is a typical site of a limestone field grotto temple, belonging to a large stone relic that cannot be moved in the open air. It has more than 2 300 caves, 2 800 tablets and inscriptions, nearly 110,000 statues, and more than 70 pagodas. It is one of the three major treasure houses of Buddhist art, the first batch of national key cultural relic protection units, and the national scenic spots. The ancient stone carving art group and the beautiful natural scenery complement each other. In 2000, the Longmen Grottoes were inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO. In 2007, Longmen Grottoes was rated as one of the first national 5A scenic spots by National Tourism Administration, becoming a tourist hotspot and boutique.
The striking feature of the architecture of the ancient city of Kyoto is that it is very similar to the Luoyang and Chang 'an cities of the Tang Dynasty in China. This is because Ping An Capital was founded at the height of the Tang Dynasty in China when China and Japan had close contacts. Kyoto is divided into Tokyo and Xijing, with Tokyo modeled after Luoyang and Xijing modeled after Chang 'an. In the north of the city was the central palace where the royal family lived. Outside the palace was the imperial city, which was used as the government office, and outside the imperial city was the capital city where the general officials and common people lived.
With an area of about 610 square kilometers and a population of 1.5 million, Kyoto is known as a historic city. Kyoto used to be the capital of Japan for more than 1000 years, enjoying the reputation of "millennium ancient capital". Kyoto because of a long history, enjoy the emperor enthronement special political status, plus is the national Buddhist center and Shinto holy land, thus has a variety of historical sites and ancient buildings, 1950 was declared as an international cultural tourism city. There are still 1,877 temples and shrines in the city, with one temple per block.
To sum up, Longmen Grottoes in China have parts similar to those in Kyoto. But there is little research examining what other countries can learn from Kyoto's success. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the aspects in which the tourism countermeasures of Kyoto can provide reference for the tourism revitalization of Longmen Grottoes. As a reference to Kyoto in Japan, Luoyang is also an ancient capital. However, the development of Longmen Grottoes, a world heritage site, is not as good as that of Kyoto. People still want to go to Kyoto, and the return rate of Longmen Grottoes is low for the second time.
2. Previous research
At present, researchers pay attention to the ecological protection of Longmen Grottoes, which embodies the special characteristics of China's management of world heritage. In March 2002, Luoyang municipal government established Longmen Grottoes Research Institute. Another researches talk about the funding of Longmen Grottoes. Zhang(2020) thinks that the main source of funds for the scenic spot is ticket revenue, and there is basically no superior financial allocation. In 1999, when applying for the World Heritage Project, the Luoyang Municipal Government invested nearly 200 million yuan to carry out large-scale renovation of the surrounding environment. UNESCO has also donated US $1.25 million for further treatment of diseases such as rock weathering, collapse and the varying degrees of covering of the carvings by limestone slurry. Besides, many researches pay attention to strategies to help the tourist attraction become more popular, including building the tourism environment, strengthening fine management and organization to guide and facilitate customers, excavating the connotation of culture and develop deep tourism. Many researchers agree that China's long history and culture is the driving force and source of tourism development, but the development of culture is not only inheritance, it is more important in mining and innovation on the basis of development, in the cultural research, namely the trekking routes to increase China's unique cultural material, make tourism form and content have depth and ethnic characteristics.
Grottoes culture is the artistic treasure of Chinese culture, and Longmen Grottoes is one of the best. Luoyang has profound historical and cultural heritage and numerous cultural relics. It is our bounden duty to strengthen the protection, utilization and inheritance of cultural relics. Longmen Grottoes culture is a typical representative of the display and inheritance of Chinese traditional culture. The cultural heritage should be sorted out, well protected and well disseminate, so that the broad masses of the people can know the charm of Longmen Grottoes and enhance the cultural confidence of the whole nation.
About the researches of Kyoto, many researchers dig out many reasons for the prosperity of tourism in Kyoto, among which the most important one is the meticulous development of tourism resources. Sucuki(2019) thinks that in the past, people tended to overlook the importance of tourism in the national economy. In the past three decades, Japan has taken tourism as an important industry sector to expand investment and elaborate management, and even proposed to build Japan into a "tourism country". To this end, 67 national secondary natural parks have been opened successively, and the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics and the Law on the Protection of Ancient Capitals have been formulated to make full use of historical and cultural heritages. Among the three ancient capital reserves designated by the government, Kyoto is the first. The city has designated 5,995 hectares of land in eight areas as "historical terroir reserves" and 1,474 hectares in 12 areas as "special historical terroir reserves." There are nearly 2,000 pieces of "national cultural heritage" in the city. In addition, the Japanese education department also attaches great importance to the use of the rich history and cultural heritage of Kyoto to carry out traditional education for young people and teenagers. Even some remote middle and primary schools have included a visit to Kyoto in their teaching plans.
After the Second World War, Japan relied on the support of the United States for rapid economic development, becoming the second economic power after the United States, and its outbound tourism has developed into the world's third largest tourism market. Japan's tourism industry is closely related to the world's politics, economy, natural environment and human psychology. Tourism in Japan has a glorious history, but it is also full of frustrations in the process of development. The development of tourism in Japan can be summarized as the initial period of tourism, the transition period of tourism, the growth period of tourism, the setback period of tourism, the initial negative growth period, the new era of overseas tourism and the reform period of balanced development. At present, the Japanese tourism industry is faced with the problems of internal layoffs, reduced constraints of external operating environment, free competition, and diversified and equal consumer demands.
The tourism industry in Japan is very uneven. Statistics show that Japan's outbound and international tourism spending far exceeds its inbound and international tourism revenue. It can be said that Japan is a big country of outbound tourism, inbound tourism small country.
Tourism is one of the main sources of Kyoto's economy, and many of its cultural heritage draws the attention of student groups within Japan as well as foreign tourists. In 2007, the Tokyo metropolitan government announced that a record number of tourists had visited the city and that it was voted one of Japan's most beautiful cities. About 20 percent of Japan's national treasures and 17 percent of its important cultural treasures are located in the metropolitan area, while 17 of the cultural treasures of the ancient capital are located in the metropolitan area, including the Kinkako-ji, Yinako-ji, Kiyomizu-ji and Nijojo. The Kyoto National Museum, the Kyoto Prefectural Botanical Garden, the Kyoto Metropolitan Art Museum and the Kyoto National Museum of Modern Art are all museums located in the city of Kyoto.
3. Research purpose
From the previous research, it can be known that the research focus of these two famous tourist attractions are different. Longmen Grottes pay attention the cultural digging while Kyoto’s special charm is connected with the investment of sufficient support. While there is no direct contrast made between these two places. As a matter of fact, these two tourist attractions have a lot in common. Based on the study of the successful tourism industry in Kyoto, this study focuses on how can Kyoto attracts more customers to come again while people who go to Longmen Grottes once will not take a second visit.
4. Research method
This study takes the method of questionnaire. To find people’s comments on the tourist scenery from the internet can help the research in finding people’s complaints on the tourist scenery. It’s very important to find the reason why people have no continuous interest in coming to the tourist place for a second visit. So questinnaries can also help to find more information. The participant of answering questionnaires are 100 who once Longmen Grottoes. These visitors are from different jobs: government, workers, visitors, citizens and so on. They should finish the following questions.
1. How many times have you been to Longmen Grottoes? ( )
A First time B Second time C Third time D Fourth time E More than 5 times
2. How did you learn about Longmen Grottoes and then decide to travel here? ( )
A is recommended by travel agency B is introduced by media C is introduced by relatives and friends D is introduced by websites or travel forums E is introduced by others
3. Your comment on the ticket prices and commodity prices of Longmen Grottoes:
(1) How do you evaluate the ticket price of the scenic spot? ( )
A. high price B. suitable price C. low price
(2) How do you evaluate the souvenirs of the scenic spot? ( )
A. high price B. suitable price C. low price
(3) How do you evaluate the dining price in the scenic spot? ( )
A. high price B. suitable price C. low price
4. Your evaluation of the convenience degree of Longmen Grottoes:
(1) Do you think it is convenient to set up trash cans in the scenic spot? ( ) A is B is not
(2) Do you think it is convenient to set up benches and chairs for tourists to rest? ( )
Whether A is B
(3) Do you think it is convenient for shopping and dining in the scenic spot? ( ) A is B is not
(4) Do you think it is convenient to set up toilets in the scenic spot? ( ) A is B is not
5. Your overall evaluation of Longmen Grottoes: |
5. Research significance
Japan's tourism industry belongs to urban tourism, and Luoyang in China is similar to it. Both of them are ancient capitals with a long history. There will be something in common in their respective tourism plans. However, the differences between the two are significant. To sum up, in material terms, Japan is "thin" while China is "coarse". In terms of system, Japan is more formal and perfect than China. On the spiritual level, Japanese people's tourism awareness is stronger than China's, but China's cultural connotation and types are much richer than Japan's.
References
[1]Ikebe Y., Oshima M., Bamba S. et al. Study of charged particle activation analysis (II): Determination of boron concentration in human blood samples[J] Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2020, 164
[2]Z. J. Sun, C. Segebade, D. Wells et al. Web-based spectrum analysis software for photon activation analysis[J] Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2012, 291(2)
[3]S. Dasgupta, J. Datta, K. K. Swain Determination of boron in in-house graphite reference material by instrumental charged particle activation analysis[J] Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2021(prepublish)
[4]H. Heather Chen-Mayer, William J. Heward, Rick L. Paul et al. Distribution of chlorine in quartz determined by neutron beam focusing prompt gamma activation analysis and micro-x-ray fluorescence[J] Journal of Materials Research, 2003, 18(10)
[5]C. Carasco, B. Pérot, A. Mariani et al. Beryllium characterization in powders containing plutonium by photoneutron activation analysis using a 124 Sb gamma source[J] Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2016, 309(3)
[6]Cornea Razvan L., Nitu Florentin R., Thomas David D. et al. Time-Resolved FRET Detection of Structural Distributions Involving FKBP12.6 and Calmodulin Bound Within Macromolecular RyR Channels[J] Biophysical Journal, 2010, 98(3S1)
[7]Rolf Zeisler, Danyal Turkoglu, Nick Sharp et al. Determination of aluminum in bovine liver SRM 1577c by Instrumental Cold Neutron Activation Analysis[J] Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2020(prepublish)
[8]Richard M. Lindstrom Nuclear analysis at NBS and NIST[J] Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2018, 318(3)
[9]Rick L. Paul Determination of Hydrogen in Semiconductors and Related Materials by Cold Neutron Prompt Gamma-ray Activation Analysis[J] MRS Online Proceedings Library, 2004, 813(1)
[10]R. L. Paul, R. M. Lindstrom Determination of Hydrogen in Metals, Semiconductors, and Other Materials by Cold Neutron Prompt Gamma-Ray Activation Analysis[J] MRS Online Proceedings Library, 1998, 513(1)